This article is the second in a two-part series. In part two, Rubén Videira-Soengas builds on his earlier analysis by defending Paul’s instructions in 1 Timothy 2:9–15 as rooted in God’s creation order rather than cultural chauvinism, applying universally to the church in all times and places. Videira-Soengas urges the Spanish church to resist feminist reinterpretations of these texts, affirming distinct yet complementary roles for men and women in ministry as essential to faithfulness to God’s design.

This article is the first in a two-part series. Part one traces the rise of feminism in Spain from its roots in opposition to Franco’s patriarchal regime to its modern form shaped by mass media and celebrity influence, arguing that today’s popularized, consumer-driven feminism pressures Spanish evangelicals to adopt unbiblical views on women in ministry. It contends that male leadership in the church is rooted in God’s creation design, not cultural chauvinism, and warns that the current feminist climate will continue challenging the church’s adherence to biblical teaching.